Cheerfulness (a Schopenhauer quote)

Schopenhauer, the 19th century German philosopher, rumoured to have been influenced by the Vedanta and widely known for his pessimistic outlook on life, nevertheless famously stated:

Can cheerfulness ever be a part of the eightfold path?

How about watching a sunrise? Or being spontaneously impressed by a beautiful landscape or wheather phenomenon? May we allow ourselves to be uplifted by such an experience?

In the fourfold way of answering questions, this is almost certainly a question that deseves an “analytical” answer. Yes and no, depending. Joy is a jhāna factor and an enlightenment factor and “altruistic” joy and friendliness are both brahma-viharas. But of course both sensuality and restlessness/mania are hindrances and it can take some discernment to tell the difference between the former and the latter!

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Pleasant experiences are not so much the problem, but the delight we place in finding them. e.g. sn23.2

Suppose some boys or girls were playing with sandcastles. As long as they’re not rid of greed, desire, fondness, thirst, passion, and craving for those sandcastles, they cherish them, fancy them, treasure them, and treat them as their own. But when they are rid of greed, desire, fondness, thirst, passion, and craving for those sandcastles, they scatter, destroy, and demolish them with their hands and feet, making them unplayable.

In the same way, you should scatter, destroy, and demolish form, making it unplayable. And you should practice for the ending of craving. You should scatter, destroy, and demolish feeling … perception … choices … consciousness, making it unplayable. And you should practice for the ending of craving. For the ending of craving is extinguishment.”

For me there are two opposing ways. The Way of Dhamma and The Way of the World.

WAY OF THE WORLD <------> WAY OF DHAMMA

We use the five senses of sight, sound, smell, touch, taste to go out into the World. e.g. mn66:

Udāyī, these are the five kinds of sensual stimulation. What five? Sights known by the eye that are likable, desirable, agreeable, pleasant, sensual, and arousing. Sounds known by the ear … Smells known by the nose … Tastes known by the tongue … Touches known by the body that are likable, desirable, agreeable, pleasant, sensual, and arousing. These are the five kinds of sensual stimulation.

The pleasure and happiness that arise from these five kinds of sensual stimulation is called sensual pleasure—a filthy, ordinary, ignoble pleasure. Such pleasure should not be cultivated or developed, but should be feared, I say.

The Buddha recommends instead to find delight (cheerfulness?) in the sixth sense - mind in meditation, and that’s the Way of Dhamma.

Take a mendicant who, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, enters and remains in the first absorption … second absorption … third absorption … fourth absorption.

This is called the pleasure of renunciation, the pleasure of seclusion, the pleasure of peace, the pleasure of awakening. Such pleasure should be cultivated and developed, and should not be feared, I say.

The Way of the World has the ability to stir up the mind, so the idea is to gradually calm that down, and so it depends on where you are and which way you are heading. If you’ve gone from taking delight in headbanging at a rock gig :exploding_head: :guitar:, to enjoying a beautiful sunset on a hillside by yourself with no accompanying thoughts, then you’ve gone a long way towards the Way of Dhamma. You might then be inspired to become even further secluded to see what pleasure is to be found there.

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