Aggregates are in a dependent relationship with past moments, and so on. Moving from one link to the previous one, the information that was there and caused a new moment, reveals itself.
Moreover, in the same way, considering conditionality, one can look into the future, predict the development of aggregates due to causal relationships. This confirms the predictive potential of studying causal chains.
And finally, in a book written by an experienced meditation practitioner, I read that karma is the force that allows us to know things that happened many kalpas ago. It is karma that retains some information for a long time. This power is clearly not of the nature of consciousness. Consciousness has the function of cognition, therefore it is fleeting, since every moment you have to re-aware the object. Even after the experience of nibbana, yogis consider the Javanas of the supramundane minds and distinguish between cause and effect, as well as the tremendous speed of arising and fading away.