How to Overcome Defilements?

If they still experience defilements, they have not actually achieved jhāna. They need to deepen their samādhi further.

But yes, to deepen the samādhi they may need to overcome defilements. The most important impediment will be sensual desire. So any practice that reduces your attachment to the body and the five senses will be helpful, such as contemplating the similes given at MN 54 or more specific contemplations such as the four elements. Good luck!

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