Hmmm… Let me try, the diagram shows different formulations in parallel.
This parallel framing is done having in mind showing how these formulations can be understood as different ways of pointing to the same thing. It is not wrong to think of that path as something can be seen from different perspectives or based on different reference points.
As you can see the eight factors of noble eightfold path are ordered in a specific way.
Right view is the basis for the virtue factors - right thought, right speech, right action and right livelihood.
With the “homework” done in terms of being a least harmless and “virtuos person” one finds himself/herself at ease with himself/herself with a greater clarity in terms of what he needs then to address with right effort.
As right effort is developed further, his wholesomeness approaches a critical point in which the freedom of remorse is such that the development of path factor of right mindfulness (or right presence as some may call it) can take place.
As the individual finds himself/herself at ease in regards to above all being a person of less harmful habits and choices, as well he is able to identify how the good things he has been cultivating with right effort lead to more and more beautiful inner states.
In the micro perspective, this virtue - right effort - right mindfulness linkage is what is behind the deep emotional experiences of joy, rapture, tranquility and happiness.
These positive states in turn serve as the foundation for the insight-conducive and right sort stillness the path factor of right samadhi is all about.
And it is from this powerful and wholesome stillness that insight and wisdom is “harvested” so to speak.
Here the usual formulation of the path as eightfold path may reach its end, but as the diagram shows the eightfold path is itself part of a wider set of factors or dhammas.
This wider group of factors are called in Pali boddhipakkhya dhamma (can anyone provide the Agama Chinese for this?
) and the elements pointed beyond the threshold of samadhi - vision and understanding of how things arise, disenchantment, dispassion, liberation and the eventual vision and knowledge of liberation itself - can be seen as a alternative outline of the linkage between the samadhi and both the wisdom and equanimity of one who has fulfilled all of the four ennobling tasks passed down to us by all Buddhas.
This is quite aligned with the Tenfold Path formulation found in in the MN117 of the Pali Nikayas and MA 189 of the Chinese Agamas.
You may notice that some features such as virtue, samadhi and wisdom are often repeated between the alternative lists. This means that such words represent powerful linkages of the spiritual path outlined by the Buddha.
It is similar to how the task of climbing a very tall mountain in the Himalayas or taking a journey across a long distance. Depending on which sherpa he hires or which caravan he joins the journey may be referred to at different levels of details. But some features of the journey will be always mentioned it does not matter how detailed or broad the description of the trip is.
If you are climbing a mountain all sherpas may agree that the only way to advance from a certain height is to take a specific pass, and the features of this pass are to be noted both when one is still at the base camp and later one as one approaches key turnpoints towards that pass. A similar thing would occur in the case of caravans. Key landscape transitions, passes and reference points both in the sky and over the horizons are to be noted and tracked.
Hope it helps!