Māyājāla - EBT Compatibility? (Sharygin 2025: 471-476)

This is an time lost DA sūtra, most likely from Sautrantikas and/or Mulasarvastivadas.

The text bears striking resemblance to Mahāyāna literature, some formulas appearing almost verbatim in Lotus Sūtra, by Chadrakirti, etc.

Here’s Gleb S’s translation (from his amazing work) and the Sanskrit original. I’d be interested in hearing your thoughts :slight_smile:

Below you will find the reconstructed Sanskrit text and the English translation of the first of the six nearly identical portions of the sūtra (starts with the § 3.x, the §§ 1 and 2 represent the opening passages that are not repeated. This numeration is taken from the edition of the Tibetan text by P. Skilling (Skilling 1994: 3-57)). The six nearly identical parts are different only in that they are devoted to the different sense-objects (forms, sounds, smells, tastes, tangibles and dharmas) and each of the six parts uses its own pair of similes, which are listed at the respective paragraphs in the present text.


Sanskrit
  1. The narrative setting of Śrāvasti. || śrāvastyāṃ nidānam ||
  2. Three Trainings
    2.1. asti bhikṣavo ʼdhiśīlaṃ śikṣā nādhicittaṃ nādhiprajñaṃ | asti adhiśīlaṃ śikṣā adhicittaṃ nādhiprajñaṃ | adhiprajñāyogam anuyuktasyāryaśrāvakasya viharato ʼdhiśīlaṃ śikṣā adhicittaṃ ca bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchaty | 2.2 evam atrāryaśrāvako ʼdhiprajñāyogam anuyukto viharann anuttaraṃ prajñājīvikānāṃ jīvati |
  3. Training
    3.1. kathaṃ ca bhikṣava āryaśrāvako ’dhiprajñāyogam anuyukto viharann anuttaraṃ prajñājīvikānāṃ jīvati |
    3.2. iha bhikṣava āryaśrāvaka idaṃ pratisaṃcaṣṭe | na khalu mayaitarhi tathā cakṣurvijñeyeṣu rūpeṣu śikṣā karaṇīyā |
    3.3. yathāpūrvam aham asmi pūrvaṃ saumanasyasthānīyeṣu cakṣurvijñeyeṣu rūpeṣv anunīto vyahārṣaṃ |
    3.4. daurmanasyasthānīyeṣu cakṣurvijñeyeṣu rūpeṣu pratighavān vyāhārṣaṃ |
    3.5. upekṣāsthānīyeṣu cakṣurvijñeyeṣu rūpeṣv apratisaṃkhyāyāpratisaṃkhyāyopekṣako vyahārṣaṃ <|>
    3.6‒7. evaṃ me ʼtra dīrgharātram anuśikṣamāṇasyānuvidhīyamānasya pūrvakoṭir na prajñāyate jarāmaraṇaṃ pratyanubhavato |
    3.8. ye vā punar me atītānāgatapratyutpanneṣu cakṣurvijñeyeṣu rūpeṣu mithyādhimokṣā vā saṃjñāviparyāsā vā cittaviparyāsā vā dṛṣṭiviparyāsā vā 3.9. tadyathā abhidhyākāyagrantho vyāpādakāyagranthaḥ śīlavrataparāmarśakāyagranthaḥ idaṃsatyābhiniveśaparāmarśakāyagranthas | te prahīyantām iti | teṣāṃ prahāṇāya śikṣā karaṇīyā |
    3.10. api tv ihaivaikatyasya cakṣurvijñeyani rūpāṇi manāpāni tāny evāmanāpāni | teṣāṃ vā punaḥ satāṃ kaṃcit kālaṃ saumanasyasthānīyāni bhavaṃti | kaṃcit kālaṃ daurmanasyasthānīyāni bhavaṃti | kaṃcit kālaṃ upekṣasthānīyāni bhavanti |
    3.11. evam atra satvā dīrgharātraṃ cittena nivṛttāś cittena vaṃcitāś cittena vipralabdhā | ādīnavādarśino nissaraṇam aprajānanto yathākāmakaraṇīyā mārasya <|>
    3.12. ye kecid bhikṣavaḥ śramaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā imāny eva cakṣurvijñeyāni rūpāṇi satyataḥ sthitito ʼnupalabhya
    3.13. yathā svakasvakeṣu mithyādhimokṣeṣu sthāmaśaḥ parāmṛśyābhiniviśyānuvyavaharanti : idam eva satyaṃ moham anyad iti | te saumanasyasthānīyeṣu cakṣurvijñeyeṣu rūpeṣv anunītā viharanti |
    3.14. abhidhyākāyagranthasaṃdūṣakās te bhavantaḥ śramaṇabrāhmaṇā anunayasaṃyojanena saṃyuktā yathākāmakaraṇīyā mārasya |
    3.21. tadyathā bhikṣavaḥ unmattakṣiptacittaḥ tena tenānvāhiṇḍeta sa tenābhirameta na cātrādīnavaṃ paśyet |
    3.22. yadā cāsau svacittaṃ pratilabheta sa tayā pūrvikayā nagnacaryayā unmattacaryayā kṣiptacaryayā ṛtīyeta jihriyād vitared vijugupseta
    3.23. evam evāryaśrāvakaḥ imām evāryāṃ lokottarāṃ prajñāṃ pratilabhya tayā pūrvikayā nagnacaryayā mūḍhacaryayā duṣprajñacaryayā ritīyate jehrīyate vitarati vijugupsate |
    3.24. tasyaivaṃ bhavati : aham asmi pūrvam anitya eva saṃ nityo ʼham asmīti manye duḥkha eva saṃ sukhy aham asmīti manye aśucir eva saṃ cchucir aham asmīti manye anātmai va sann ātmāham asmīti manye ity apy ahaṃ pūrvam anitye nityasaṃjñī duḥkhe sukhasaṃjñī aśucau śucisaṃjñī anātmany ātmasaṃjñī |
    3.25. tadyathā dakṣo māyākāro māyākārāntevāsī vā caturmahāpathe sthitvā caturvidhaṃ māyākarma vidarśayet : tadyathā hastikāyam aśvakāyaṃ rathakāyaṃ pattikāyaṃ |
    3.26 tatra ye satvā bhavanti bālajātīyā mūḍhajātīyā duṣprajñajātīyās | teṣām evaṃ bhavati : asty eṣa satyataḥ sthitito hastikāyo aśvakāyo rathakāyaḥ pattikāyo ya eṣa dṛśyata iti |
    3.27 ye vā te bhavanti satvā abālajātīyā amūḍhajātīyā saprajñajātīyās | teṣām evaṃ bhavati : nāsty eṣa satyataḥ sthitito hastikāyo ʼśvakāyo rathakāyaḥ pattikāyo ya eṣa dṛśyate | api tv asty etan māyākṛtam | asty etac cakṣurmohanam iti |
    3.28. evam eva āryaśrāvaka idaṃ pratisaṃcaṣte : yāni me atītānāgatapratyutpannāni cakṣurvijñeyāni rūpāṇi nāsti me ʼtra nityatā vā dhruvatā vā śāśvatatā vā tathatā vā avitathatā vā ananyatathatā vā bhūtatā vā satyatā vā tatvatā vā yathāvattā vā aviparītatā vā aviparyastatā vā |
    3.29. āryaṃ lokottaraṃ satyam uktaṃ bhagavatā |
    3.30. riktakam apy etat tucchakam apy etad asārakam apy etan mṛṣāpy etan moṣadharmakam apy etan māro ʼpy etan mārabhāṇḍam apy etac chavam apy etac chavarūpam apy etan |
    3.31. nālam etad abhinandituṃ vābhivadituṃ vā adhyavasātuṃ vādhyavasāya vā sthātum iti |
    3.32. sa iti jñātvātītānāgatapratyutpannāni cakṣurvijñeyāni rūpāṇi rogataḥ samanupaśyati gaṇḍataḥ śalyataḥ aghato ’nityato duḥkhataḥ śūnyato ’nātmataḥ samanupaśyati |
    3.33. tasyātītānāgatapratyutpannani cakṣurvijñeyāni rūpāṇi rogataḥ samanupaśyato gaṇḍataḥ śalyataḥ aghato ’nityato duḥkhataḥ śūnyato ’nātmataḥ samanupaśyato |
    3.34. ye ʼsya bhavaṃty atītānāgatapratyutpanneṣu cakṣurvijñeyeṣu rūpeṣu mithyādhimokṣā vā saṃjñāviparyāsā vā cittaviparyāsā vā dṛṣṭiviparyāsā vā tadyathā abhidhyākāyagrantho vyāpādakāyagranthaḥ śīlavrataparāmarśakāyagrantha idaṃsatyābhiniveśaparāmarśakāyagranthaḥ te prahīyante |
    3.35. teṣāṃ prahāṇād andhaṃ māraṃ kṛtvā viharati vimanaskaṃ vipakṣam adarśanagato mārasya pāpīyaso hatvā māraṃ ca māraparṣadaṃ ca mahāntaṃ saṃgrāmaṃ saṃgrāmayitvā vijitasaṃgrāmas tad eva saṃgrāmaśiro ʼbhinirjityādhyāvasati |
    3.36. evaṃ hi bhikṣava āryaśrāvako ʼdhiprajñāyogam anuyukto viharann anuttaraṃ prajñājīvikānāṃ jīvati |
Similes

§ x.12–14
saumanasya-sthānīya

anunaya

abhidhyā-kāyagrantha

anunaya-saṃyojana
§ x.15–17
daurmanasya-sthānīya

pratigha

vyāpāda-kāyagrantha

pratigha-saṃyojana
§ x.18–20
upekṣā-sthānīya

apratisamkhyā-upekṣā

idaṃsatyābhiniveśa-parāmarśa-kāyagrantha

māna-saṃyojana


In Śrāvasti.

  • There is, monks, training in higher conduct that is not accompanied by a higher mind and higher insight.
  • There is training in higher conduct that is accompanied by a higher mind but lacks higher insight.

For a noble disciple, that dwells well-engaged in [the practice of] higher insight, the training in higher conduct and the higher mind comes to the fulfilment of/by cultivation.

Thus, here, monks, a noble disciple that dwells well-engaged in [the practice of] higher insight lives unsurpassed among those who live the life of/by insight.

And, how, monks, does a noble disciple that dwells well-engaged in [the practice of] the higher insight live unsurpassed among those who live the life of insight?

Here, monks, a noble disciple reflects in this way:

“Indeed, I should not now train with regard to the forms recognizable by the eye in this way, as I did before:

  • Previously I dwelt pleased with regard to the forms recognizable by the eye which cause joy/pleasurable mental feeling.
  • Previously I dwelt averse with regard to the forms recognizable by the eye which cause dejection.
  • Previously I dwelt utterly inadvertently idle with regard to the forms recognizable by the eye which cause neutrality.

That is how for a long time for me, acting accordingly, following [that], there was no known beginning of experiencing old age and death.

Whatever there are for me with regard to the forms recognizable by the eye of the past, present and future, wrong affirmations or inversions of perception or inversions of mind or inversions of views, that is:

  • the bodily tie of covetousness
  • the bodily tie of enmity
  • the bodily tie of adherence to rites and rituals
  • the bodily tie of holding fast to and adhering to [the view] “this is the truth”,

are to be abandoned.

For their abandonment there should be the [following] training done.

Yet, here, for someone the forms recognizable by the eye [that] are agreeable, exactly they [are] disagreeable.

  • Since this is so, at one time they cause joy.
  • At another time they cause dejection.
  • At another time they cause neutrality.

Thus there for a long time beings [that are] hindered by [their] mind, tricked by [their] mind, deceived by [their] mind, not seeing the danger, not aware of the escape, are at Māraʼs disposal.

Whatever, monks, ascetics or brāhmaṇas these forms recognizable by the eye truly and reliably do not realize, according to their very own wrong affirmations they, having seized tenaciously and adhering thereto, insist “this alone is the truth, everything else is ignorance”; they dwell pleased with regard to the forms recognizable by the eye which lead to joy.

Corrupted by the bodily tie of covetousness, those venerable ascetics and brāhmaṇas being tied by the fetter of enjoyment are at Māraʼs disposal.

Whatever, monks, ascetics or brāhmaṇas, these forms recognizable by the eye truly and reliably do not realize, according to their very own wrong affirmations they, having seized tenaciously and adhering thereto, insist: “this alone is the truth, everything else is ignorance”; they dwell averse with regard to those forms recognizable by the eye that lead to dejection.

Corrupted by the bodily tie of enmity, those venerable ascetics and brāhmaṇas being tied by the fetter of repugnance are at Māra’s disposal.

Whatever, monks, ascetics or brāhmaṇas, these forms recognizable by
the eye truly and reliably do not realize, according to their very own wrong affirmations they, having seized tenaciously and adhering thereto, insist: “this alone is the truth, everything else is ignorance”; they dwell inadvertently idle with regard to those forms recognizable by the eye which lead to neutrality.

Corrupted by the bodily tie of holding fast to and adhering to [the view] “this is the truth”, those venerable ascetics and brāhmaṇas being tied by the fetter of repugnance are at Māra’s disposal.

It is like, monks, if:

  • An insane, mentally deranged person, may roam here and there and, rejoicing in that, he may not see any fault/danger in that.
  • A man heavily intoxicated with alcohol mistakes his mother for another woman and has sex with her.
  • A man does not realize, that his enemies are secretly approaching to hurt him, until it is too late.
  • A disciple does not realize, that he mistakenly prepared cow dung and urine for his teacher’s meal.
  • A man urgently fleeing the village attacked by brigands mistakenly takes with him another man’s son.
  • A man fleeing a burning house takes with him a casket with the snake(s) / snake skin, having mistaken it for a casket with jewellery.

If he may regain his consciousness, he may exceedingly regret, may be ashamed of, may deject, may loathe his previous naked acting, acting in an insane way, acting out of his mind.

In this very way a noble disciple, having obtained exactly this noble supramundane insight, exceedingly regrets, is ashamed of, dejects, loathes that previous naked behavior, deluded behavior, [mentally] dull behavior.

That occurs to him: “I am; previously, I, while, indeed, being impermanent was thinking: I am permanent; while, indeed, being miserable was thinking: I am happy; while, indeed, being unclean/dirty was thinking: I am clean; while, indeed, being selfless was thinking: I am a self. Before I perceived permanence in impermanence, pleasure in suffering, cleanliness in unclean, self in not-self”.

It is as if:

  • A skilled magician or a student of his, standing on the intersection of four big roads, were to show a four-form magical deed. That is: an army of elephants, cavalry, an army of chariots, infantry.
  • Thunder creates echo in the mountain water channels.
  • A person that has never before seen their reflection in a round (iron) mirror
  • Mirage appears on a dry day in a desert.
  • Objects and persons in sleep.
  • A magician creates an illusion of beautiful ornaments made of jewellery and gems.

Here there are beings that are of foolish nature, of deluded nature, mentally dull ones, who think: “there is truly and reliably an army of elephants, cavalry, an army of chariots, infantry that is seen.” … etc.

However there are those beings that are not of foolish nature, not of deluded nature, the bright ones, who think: “there is not truly and reliably an elephant army, cavalry, army of chariots or infantry, that is seen – but that is indeed a magical creation, a delusion of the eye.” … etc.

In this very way a noble disciple reflects thus: “to me, in whatever forms recognizable by the eye of the past, present and future there is no permanency or stability or eternity or thusness or non-not-thusness or non-other-thusness or reality or truth-ness or true existence or according-ness or non-perversion or non-distortedness.

The supramundane truth of nobles, uttered by the bhagavat — this is indeed empty, this is indeed void, this is indeed without substance, this is indeed faulty, this is indeed of deceitful nature, this is indeed Māra, this is indeed an implement of Māra, this is indeed a corpse, this is indeed corpse-like, this is not worth relishing, asserting, remaining clung to, being clung to, staying [with].

He, having known thus, the forms recognizable by the eye of the past, future and present perceives as a disease, perceives [them] as a boil, as a dart, as a calamity, as impermanent, as painful, as empty, as not-self.

He has perceived the forms recognizable by the eye of the past, future and present as a disease, has perceived [them] as a boil, as a dart, as a calamity, as impermanent, as painful, as empty, as not-self.

Whatever are there, to him, with regard to the forms recognizable by the eye of the past, present and future, wrong affirmations or inversions of perception or inversions of mind or inversions of views, that is: the bodily tie of covetousness, the bodily tie of enmity, the bodily tie of adherence to the rites and rituals, the bodily tie of holding fast to and adhering to [the view] “this only is the truth”, they are abandoned.

Because of abandonment of those, having made Māra blind, he dwells not liable to despair, invisible to Māra the Evil One. Having killed Māra and his retinue, having fought a great battle, he has won the battle – that is how he dwells, having breached the frontline of the enemy army.

It is truly thus, monks, [how] a noble disciple, that dwells well-engaged in [the practice of] the higher insight, lives unsurpassed among those who live the life of insight.

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Wb Bhante @NgXinZhao, it would be interesting to hear your thoughts :slight_smile:

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I think people might be a bit perplexed regarding this sūtra, lack the context – maybe you can say a few words about the circumstances of finding the manuscript and about the significance of this discovery, what canonical collection it represents, how it is different from what we have in Pāli and Chinese, etc. ?

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I am also very curious what is the reason of attribution for this text to Sautrantika? I thought their sutras is lost and they left just traces of their doctrine in Abhidharmakosha.

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Fair enough. Though I had thought I’d present it with as little info dump as possible, strictly analysing the Dharma viz Pāli Canon, comparing Dharma to Dharma. :slight_smile:

I’ll update the first post later for an easier view and more descriptions on the sūtra’s reception. For the present moment, I’m mostly interested in analysing this:

3.28. evam eva āryaśrāvaka idaṃ pratisaṃcaṣte : yāni me atītānāgatapratyutpannāni cakṣurvijñeyāni rūpāṇi nāsti me ʼtra nityatā vā dhruvatā vā śāśvatatā vā tathatā vā avitathatā vā ananyatathatā vā bhūtatā vā satyatā vā tatvatā vā yathāvattā vā aviparītatā vā aviparyastatā vā |
3.28. In this very way a noble disciple reflects thus: “to me, in whatever forms recognizable by the eye of the past, present and future there is no permanency or stability or eternity or thusness or non-not-thusness or non-other-thusness or reality or truth-ness or true existence or according-ness or non-perversion or non-distortedness.

Unlike many Mahāyāna expositions, this canonical DA has a surgical contemplation on forms (and the rest of six senses), rejecting not just permanence but truth or describing to it.

Whether that’s a contemplation that Theravāda / EBT agrees would bs an interesting thing to wonder. :slight_smile: Bhante @Sunyo thoughts? :slight_smile:

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