Pursuing, developing and attending to a mind of love

With respect to AN 1.53-5 do the terms “pursues”, “develops” and “attends to” have any technical definition?

Bhikkhus, if for just the time of a finger snap a bhikkhu pursues a mind of loving-kindness, he is called a bhikkhu who is not devoid of jhāna, who acts upon the teaching of the Teacher, who responds to his advice, and who does not eat the country’s almsfood in vain.49 How much more, then, those who cultivate it! (AN 1.53)

… a bhikkhu develops a mind of loving-kindness … those who cultivate it! (AN 1.54)

… a bhikkhu attends to a mind of loving-kindness … those who cultivate it! (AN 1.55)

4 Likes

It seems that the different Pali verbs are: āsevati, bhāveti and manasikaroti.

By looking at their definitions it seems that they are loose synonyms in the sense of indulgence, practice and reflection.

:anjal:

1 Like

This is my first post here after watching from the sidelines.

I am no Pāḷi Scholar, so please take this as practical input.
āsevati,” meaning ‘associates’ or ‘frequents,’ is about inclination. Where the mind is hanging out (and with whom…).
bhāveti,” meaning ‘developing’ or ‘cultivating,’ is about actively fostering metta through meditation. What is the mind doing?
manasi karoti,” lit. making or building mind,’ is similar, but I take it to mean creating new wholesome habit patterns or neural circuits - in this case one of mettā, rather than dosa. The operative reflection being what habits are being fed and what being starved.

8 Likes

develop and pursue (bhavita, bahuli-kata) , that pair of words gets used together for all the major meditation practices. 4ip (iddhi pada), 16APS, mindfulness of death, probably every meditation you can think of there are many suttas that uses that expression to say, “do that, develop that pursue that”.

manasi (mental/mind) karoti (doing), usually translated as paying attention, is probably one of the most common phrases in the EBT. It’s used probably most frequently in the context of the Buddha starting off a talk and telling teh monks to pay attention.

In the vinaya definition commentary for ekagga citta, manasi karoti is closely associated with “paying attention”. As well as samadhi. This is why V&V (vitakka & vicara) is thinking and evaluation, and why V&V in first jhana has a really important role. It’s an oral tradition, so it requires “much developed, much pursued paying attention” to a particular dhamma teaching to hear (you can hear and listen to a dhamma talk in first jhana), memorize (an important part of samma sati people don’t usually think about), and then frequently recall important teachings to mind, paying attention and reflecting on that teaching (V&V and pari-vitakka).

In other words manasi karoti is a code phrase for the samadhi and unification of mind of listening, paying attention like it’s really important.

Here’s a prime example of this, the standard formula for perception of light, for knowledge and vision.

AN 5.28:
aloka sanna manasi karoti… luminosity perception (he) pays attention to. The formula does not explicitly use the words samadhi, ekagga, but this practice is always used in the context of a high 4th jhana quality of mind being used to attain 6 abhinna, so by the JST (jhana sandwich theorem we know 4th jhana is involved).

manasi karoti is a stealthy code phrase for samadhi and ekagga.

2 Likes

Thank you all for your most helpful contributions @gnlaera, @Viranyani and @frankk!

A very warm welcome to you! :slight_smile:

4 Likes

Thank you!

4 Likes

Those repeated formulas with a single-word variation often sense when taken as a progression – in this case from from (1) interest or inclination, through (2) determined application, to (3) fixed conviction, giving oneself to.

From the PTS Dictionary:
1: Āsevati [ā + sev] to frequent, visit; to practise, pursue, indulge, enjoy
2: Bhāveti [Caus. of bhū, bhavati] to beget, produce, increase, cultivate, develop (by means of thought & meditation), The Buddhist equivalent for mind — work as creative in idea…
3: manasikaroti
“ … meanings of karoti are varied according to the word with which it is connected; it would be impossible and unnecessary to give an exhaustive list of all its various shades. Only a few illustrations may suffice:
mānasaṁ k° to make up one’s mind…
ceto pajānāti (or manasikaroti) “to know in one’s mind”
“… fixed thought …

The many meanings given – to build, make, compose, impose, place – suggest a definitive fixing upon, dedication to; beyond the sense of simply reflecting upon, musing over, pondering,…, to a level of proficiency, of realization.

1 Like

Aasevati -past tense- be in the company of, many times. Associate, would be a memonic.
Bhaaveti- develop- in this case as in meditation developing the mind
Manasikaroti- manas (mind) karo (work or do), Mental work broadly speaking

This ‘mental work’ could be described here:

“Householder, what is the limitless (appamāṇena) release of mind? Here, the bhikkhu pervades one direction with thoughts of loving kindness. Also the second, the third, the fourth, above, below and across, in all circumstances, for all purposes, pervades the whole world with thoughts of loving kindness, extensive, grown great and measureless without ill will and anger. The bhikkhu pervades one direction with thoughts of compassion … re … intrinsic joy … re … equanimity. Also the second, the third, the fourth, above, below, and across, in all circumstances, for all purposes, pervades the whole world with equanimity, extensive, grown great and measureless without ill will and anger. Householder, this is the limitless release of mind.

“Householder, what is the release of mind grown great (mahaggatena)? The bhikkhu indulges pervading the extent of the root of one tree and abides. This is the release of mind grown great. The bhikkhu indulges pervading the extent of the roots of two or three trees and abides. This is the release of mind grown great The bhikkhu indulges pervading the extent of one village and its fields and abides. This too is the release of mind grown great The bhikkhu indulges pervading the extent of one large kingdom and abides. This too is the release of mind grown great. The bhikkhu indulges pervading the extent of two or three large kingdoms and abides. This too is the release of mind grown great. The bhikkhu indulges pervading the earth limited by the great ocean and abides. This too is the release of mind grown great. Householder, in this method, you should know how these things are different in meaning and different in words. MN127

with metta

2 Likes