Why short "a" sounds like "er"

Can I tag onto this thread and ask about v’s as they haven’t been covered in the above?

In @Jayantha’s example, and at the Sri Lankan temple I attend, the v’s are much harder than how I’ve heard them from Aussies /Thai-lineage westerners.
So ‘Bhagavwato’ VS ‘Bhagavhato’

I see no note on this in the Bhavana book, but BSWA lay chanting book has it noted as ‘softer than English v, near w

Thanks

1 Like

While we’re on the pronunciation topic, o’s and e’s are always long right?

I’ve heard before that they’re actually dipthongs where o=a+u and e=a+i ?