The fleshy protuberance idea is of the same species as cryptozoology.
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Thank you.
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There was some possibility that the 32 marks were seen in the ‘psychic (astral)or mind-made body’ and there is a sutta(?) where one man uses his psychic ability to see these power in the Buddha’s ‘body’. The Buddha seems to have looked normal in his ordinary life so that it was possible to mistake him for another monk.
with metta
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The book of Digha Nikaya, in the “Discourse of the Marks” ( Pali : Lakkhaṇa Sutta ) is said to describe these 32 characteristics of the Buddha, it is also said on the Brahmāyu Sutta of the Majjhima Nikāya, is that true ?, only people who study these suttas who know if that is true or not. but in my opinion, just like the stories in the Aganna Sutta, or the stories in Jataka, this could be just a symbolic and not literal. But these traditional symbolic stories in fact contain a modern scientific meanings, the Aganna Sutta contains the meaning of a gradual and very slow change of a life forms ( this is confirmed by the discoveries in the field of Evolution ). The Jataka implies that the process of rebirth is very possible, and the transformation of life from animal to human being through rebirth is possible, and the depiction of the fleshy protuberance in the Buddha’s head also means that in the course of the evolutionary process ( such as facts found by Paleoanthropologists ), it was found that the change in the shape of skull bones due to the evolutionary process is very likely to happen. As said by Mr. Stanisław Ulam, a Polish-American scientist here…
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DN27 -Agganna sutta gives some detail on combined physical and spiritual evolution of beings.
Jataka stories are more akin to parables- the moral of the story is what the entire story is about, and the story is mere ‘padding’ and not necessarily true. See Aesop’s fables were you will find more animals doing similar things- it’s a literary device to teaching morality to children (usually, and sometimes a reminder for adults too)- some of those animals are more moral than humans and must be in a higher state of evolution!
with metta
“Artificial cranial deformation or modification, head flattening, or head binding is a form of body alteration in which the skull of a human being is deformed intentionally.
It is done by distorting the normal growth of a child’s skull by applying force.
Flat shapes, elongated ones (produced by binding between two pieces of wood), rounded ones (binding in cloth), and conical ones are among those chosen.
Typically, it is carried out on an infant, as the skull is most pliable at this time.
In a typical case, headbinding begins approximately a month after birth and continues for about six months.”
As it is the case when one compresses a pliable container of liquid, the change in shape does not mean change in volume:
“There is no statistically significant difference in cranial capacity between artificially deformed skulls and normal skulls in Peruvian samples.”
I bet however this has some adverse impact to the brain development which would otherwise happen within a more uniformly shaped skull! 
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These I quotes from the article that I previously posted :
“Sceptics argue the skulls are just another example of intentional cranial deformation, as seen among many ancient South American tribes.”
“Mr. Foerster believes the elongation is not just caused by artificial cranial deformation, but rather by genetics with some of the elongated skulls cranial volume being up to 25 per cent larger and 60 per cent heavier than conventional human skulls.”
“It said : " A recent DNA analysis performed on some of these skulls has presented amazing results that could challenge the current perspective of the human evolutionary tree.”
“Since their craniums ( Paracas ) are 25 percent larger and 60 percent heavier than regular human skulls, researchers strongly believe that they couldn’t have been modified through binding.”
“They are also structurally different and only have one parietal plate as opposed to the two normally found in human skulls.”
This article also just talks about the elongated skulls found in Paracas ( Peru ), how about the similar cases found among the Egyptian Pharaoh Kings, did they have the same head binding habits ?. Egypt and Peru are very far aparts, both in distance and culture, right ?..
But indeed…, in these two regions, some very ancient but highly developed civilizations have been found. Egypt is well known for its ancient civilizations that might be considered highly advanced, some others turns out to be found in Latin America, such as Incas ( Peru ), Aztec ( Mexico ), and Mayan ( Mexico ), the most striking similarity is the pyramid architecture, in which by some people ( the conspiracy theories ) being connected to the advanced civilization which brought in by the extraterrestrials…
Harold Urey, American physical chemist :
H. P. Lovecraft, American science fiction writer :
Neil deGrasse Tyson, American astrophysicist and science communicator :
The process of ‘Evolution’ doesn’t only takes place on the planet Earth, but also occurs in the other planets, in the other Solar Systems, in the very far parts of the Universe, some of these life forms ( being called as the Aliens ) might comes to visit the planet earth. There is even one Buddhist Sutra which confirms this, namely in the Lotus Sutra ( Mahayana ).
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=2GfKZlTRNjA
Discusses chromosomal evidence of evolution of humans, chimpanzees, chickens and egg laying animals including birds and lizards.
Chromosomal confirmation of new hybrid dolphin near Hawaii https://www.cbsnews.com/amp/news/new-hybrid-whale-dolphin-species-discovered-in-hawaii/?__twitter_impression=true
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Yeah, definitely aliens! “Chariots of the Gods” was a popular read when I was growing up. I think it was written by somebody called Herbert von Danish Pastry or something like that.
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