In the annals of Theravada Buddhist history, one figure stands out as an icon for gender non-conforming individuals and those with diverse sexual orientations. Soreyya Arahantaka Bhikkhu, a rich man from the city of Soreyya, embarked on a profound journey that challenges traditional perceptions and illustrates the open-mindedness of Buddha towards humanity.
Soreyya’s Encounter with Maha Katchayana Thero: The narrative begins with Soreyya encountering the arahant (Enlightened) monk Maha Katchayana, described in Buddhist literature as exceptionally handsome. Rather than succumbing to heteronormative expectations, Soreyya experiences a transformation of thought and think sensual way about enlightened monk. While later interpretations by Attakatha may portray the incident in a homophobic and transphobic light, a closer examination of Soreyya’s mindset reveals a more nuanced understanding.
The Attakatha’s portrayal, influenced by Brahmanic concepts and petriachy, attempts to stigmatize being born as a woman as “bad karma due to sensual thoughts.” This reflection aims to delve into the intersection of gender bias and religious interpretation within the context of Soreyya’s journey.
The Brahmanic Influence on Gender Bias: The roots of gender bias within Buddhist literature can be traced back to Brahmanic influences, where women and lower castes were often marginalized. The Attakatha writer’s attempt to label Soreyya’s transformation as a consequence of “bad karma” rooted in sensual thoughts perpetuates discriminatory beliefs inherited from Brahmanic ideologies.
Non-Binary Identity and Homosexuality: Contrary to the Attakatha’s portrayal, Soreyya’s thoughts suggest the possibility of him being a homosexual or bisexual person with non-binary identities. The ancient text describes Soreyya’s decision to leave his family, wealth, and societal positions, fleeing to Taxila in secrecy. There, he embraced life as an unknown woman, marrying a businessman and raising two children.
And Attakata said that the businessman who married Soreyya when she was a woman invited to continue living in the same house taking care of his two children and the two children of her previous marriage, but “Soreyya” refused the request and entered the monastic life under the Buddha.
The Progressive Mind of Buddha: Despite the challenges Soreyya faced, the Buddha’s response to his unconventional journey reflects a remarkably open mind. Soreyya’s ordination as a monk under the Buddha showcases the progressive nature of Buddhism, challenging societal norms and embracing individuals regardless of their gender identity or sexual orientation.
Buddha’s Teachings on Gender Transformation: The Vinaya Pitaka, which outlines rules for Buddhist monks, explicitly addresses gender transformation. It states that if a monk becomes a woman, they can join a nuns (Bhikkuni) monastery, and vice versa. The Buddha’s teachings emphasize that being transgender has no bearing on seniority within the monastic community, highlighting a level of acceptance that was revolutionary in its time.
Modern Misinterpretations and Patriarchal Influence: Despite the Buddha’s inclusive teachings, modern interpretations influenced by patriarchy often deny opportunities for LGBTIQ+ individuals to become monks. The term “Pandaka,” used to label homosexuals and transsexuals, has been misconstrued, with some attempting to link it to the Buddha’s teachings. However, a reference to the Vinaya clarifies that Pandaka refers to a specific uncontrollable sexual urge and is unrelated to one’s sexual orientation.
The term “Pandaka” in Buddhist literature has often been associated with negative connotations, particularly in the context of uncontrollable sexual urges. However, scholars propose an alternative interpretation, suggesting that “Pandaka” has roots in Vedic times and was associated with a specific class of individuals who served distinctive religious and social functions. This exploration aims to shed light on the historical origins of “Pandaka” and challenge the prevalent misconceptions surrounding their identity, drawing parallels with the contemporary Hijra community.
“Pandaka” held unique roles within society, akin to the specialized functions performed by certain groups, such as the Hijra community (India) Nacchi (Sri Lanka) in present-day South Asia.
For more reference about “Pandaka” community and ordination of gender non-confirming people; Through the Yellow Gate: Ordination of Gender-Nonconforming People in the Buddhist Vinaya by Ven. Vimala Bhikkhu*nī
Historical Context of “Pandaka”: The Vedic origins of the term “Pandaka” point to a social and religious class rather than a characterization of sexual behavior. In ancient times, individuals identified as “Pandaka” held unique roles within society, akin to the specialized functions performed by certain groups, such as the Hijra community (India) Nacchi (Sri Lanka) in present-day South Asia.
Challenging Prejudice:
The prevailing notion that “Pandaka” implies uncontrollable sexual urges is rooted in prejudice and misinterpretation. By revisiting the historical context and separating the term from its misleading connotations, we can challenge biased perspectives and foster a more accurate understanding of the diverse roles and identities present in ancient societies.
Soreyya Arahantaka Bhikkhu: Icon of LGBTIQ+ People in Buddhist History: In the broader context, Soreyya Arahantaka Bhikkhu emerges as an icon for the LGBTIQ+ community in Buddhist history. His journey, marked by personal exploration, transformation, and eventual acceptance within the monastic community, challenges societal norms and serves as a testament to the compassionate and open-minded teachings of the Buddha.
The Inclusivity of Nirvana: Nirvana, as preached by the Buddha, is the ultimate state of liberation from the cycle of birth and death. In Soreyya’s case, it serves as a poignant reminder that the path to Nirvana is open to individuals irrespective of their sex, gender, race, religion, or sexual orientation. The attainment of Nirvana by Soreyya becomes a powerful example of the profound equality inherent in Buddhist philosophy.
Conclusion: Soreyya’s story offers a poignant reflection on the inclusivity embedded in Buddhism, emphasizing the need to revisit and reinterpret ancient texts to align with the core principles of acceptance and compassion. As the world continues to evolve, embracing diverse identities, Soreyya Arahantaka Bhikkhu stands as a timeless symbol of resilience and acceptance in the face of societal expectations.
Article Refrence — Attakatha
Article by — Kaushal Ranasinghe
Photo Credit — Gayan Chanuka Vidanapathirana
and to anyone who does I just want to say I’m glad to have you in this world 
Yes. IMO too. I’m just trying to be inclusive of people who identify as binary